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Guillermo Lohmann Villena Guillermo Lohmann Villena 1915 - 2005 Historian
Cormac McCarthy Cormac McCarthy 1933 - 2023 novelist Playwright screenwriter
Empress Kojun Empress Kojun 1903 - 2000 Empress consort of Japan
Egil Monn-Iversen Egil Monn-Iversen 1928 - 2017 Composer, conductor, arranger, film producer
Barbara Skarga Barbara Skarga 1919 - 2009 Philosophy historian and philosopher
Jim Lawson Maduike Jim Lawson Maduike 1958 - 2021 Actor
Christian Norberg-Schulz Christian Norberg-Schulz 1926 - 2000 Architectural historian and phenomenologist
Muhammad al-Sufi Muhammad al-Sufi 1927 - 2018 Field marshal and defense minister
Kel Marubi Kel Marubi 1870 - 1940 Photographer and father of Gegë Marubi
Mary Stuart Mary Stuart 1542 - 1587 Queen of Scotland and France
Constantine Zureiq Constantine Zureiq 1909 - 2000 Historian, professor, diplomat
Keizo Obuchi Keizo Obuchi 1937 - 2000 Prime Minister of Japan
Ahmad Shah Massoud Ahmad Shah Massoud 1953 - 2001 Military Commander
Yelavarthy Nayudamma Yelavarthy Nayudamma 1922 - 1985 Chemical engineer and leather technologist
Noboru Takeshita Noboru Takeshita 1924 - 2000 Prime Minister of Japan
Siva Brata Bhattacherjee Siva Brata Bhattacherjee 1921 - 2003 Professor of physics at the University
Victor Hugo Victor Hugo 1802 - 1885 Romantic writer and politician
Wilopo Wilopo 1909 - 1981 Prime Minister of Indonesia
Olga of Greece and Denmark Olga of Greece and Denmark 1903 - 1997 Princess consort and regent of Yugoslavia
Leon Stukelj Leon Stukelj 1898 - 1999 Gymnast
Emile Durkheim Emile Durkheim 1858 - 1917 Sociology founder
Peter Wooldridge Townsend Peter Wooldridge Townsend 1914 - 1995 RAF officer and courtier
Tony Scott Tony Scott 1944 - 2012 Film director and producer
Aktham Naisse Aktham Naisse 1951 - 2022 Human rights defender
Francis Chit Francis Chit 1830 - 1891 Photographer
Ole Bull Ole Bull 1810 - 1880 Violinist and composer
Ernest Cormier Ernest Cormier 1885 - 1980 Architect and engineer
Oswald Mosley Oswald Mosley 1896 - 1980 Leader of the British Union of Fascists
Clara Campoamor Clara Campoamor 1888 - 1972 Politician, lawyer, writer, journalist, feminist
Nazia Hassan Nazia Hassan 1965 - 2000 Pop singer and songwriter
Le Quy Don Le Quy Don 1726 - 1784 encyclopedist
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis 1929 - 1994 America s first lady
Chan Heung Chan Heung 1806 - 1875 Founder of Choy Li Fut martial arts system
Tadeusz Czacki Tadeusz Czacki 1765 - 1813 Historian, pedagogue, numismatist
Frederick Ross Johnson Frederick Ross Johnson 1931 - 2016 CEO of RJR Nabisco
Helena Rojo Helena Rojo 1944 - 2024 Telenovela star
Melina Mercouri Melina Mercouri 1920 - 1994 actress, politician, activist
Nikolai Bukharin Nikolai Bukharin 1888 - 1938 Bolshevik leader and Marxist theorist
Mustafa II Mustafa II 1664 - 1703 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Fariha Razzaq Haroon Fariha Razzaq Haroon 1956 - 2018 Journalist, academic, and script-writer
Hugo Pesce Hugo Pesce 1900 - 1969 Physician
Gal Costa Gal Costa 1945 - 2022 Samba-canção singer and actress
Aare Boluwatife Akin-Olugbade Aare Boluwatife Akin-Olugbade 1956 - 2021 lawyer and Rolls-Royce collector
Honorio Delgado Honorio Delgado 1892 - 1969 Psychiatrist
Mar Dinkha IV Mar Dinkha IV 1935 - 2015 Catholicos-Patriarch of the Assyrian Church
Mustafa Dagistanli Mustafa Dagistanli 1931 - 2022 Wrestler and politician
Arturo Rosenblueth Arturo Rosenblueth 1900 - 1970 Physiology and cybernetics
Shuaib Al Arna'ut Shuaib Al Arna'ut 1928 - 2016 Hadith scholar and editor
Paul Celan Paul Celan 1920 - 1970 Poet
Agustin Lara Agustin Lara 1897 - 1970 Composer and performer of songs and boleros
Jose Wilker Jose Wilker 1944 - 2014 Actor, director
Seta Hagopian Seta Hagopian 1950 - 2018 Singer and songwriter of Iraqi music
Nanguyalai Tarzi Nanguyalai Tarzi 1940 - 2015 Ambassador to Switzerland
Huy Can Huy Can 1919 - 2005 Poet, Politician
Peter Andreas Blix Peter Andreas Blix 1831 - 1901 Railway stations and villas in Swiss chalet style
Field Marshal Ayub Khan Field Marshal Ayub Khan 1907 - 1974 Second President and Chief Martial Law
Taizu Taizu 927 - 976 Emperor of Song dynasty, military leader
Ferdinand von Zeppelin Ferdinand von Zeppelin 1838 - 1917 Inventor of rigid airships
Pavel Groselj Pavel Groselj 1883 - 1940 Biologist, Literary Historian
Ernesto Geisel Ernesto Geisel 1907 - 1996 President of Brazil and leader
Traian Lalescu Traian Lalescu 1882 - 1929 Mathematician
Anne of Brittany Anne of Brittany 1477 - 1514 Duchess of Brittany and Queen of France
Geirr Tveitt Geirr Tveitt 1908 - 1981 Classical composer and pianist
Liviu Rebreanu Liviu Rebreanu 1885 - 1944 novelist, playwright
Gilberto Aceves Navarro Gilberto Aceves Navarro 1931 - 2019 Painter and sculptor
Manuel Pereira Silva Manuel Pereira Silva 1920 - 2003 Abstract sculptor inspired by the human figure
Eusebio da Silva Ferreira Eusebio da Silva Ferreira 1942 - 2014 Footballer
Peter Lymburner Robertson Peter Lymburner Robertson 1879 - 1951 Inventor of the Robertson screw and screwdriver
Sayed Yousuf Halim Sayed Yousuf Halim 1959 - 2022 Judge
Eugenio de Andrade Eugenio de Andrade 1923 - 2005 Poet, translator and public servant
Igor Svyatoslavich Igor Svyatoslavich 1150 - 1202 Prince of Novgorod-Seversk and Chernigov
Nguyen Thi Thap Nguyen Thi Thap 1908 - 1996 Politician
Philip Effiong Philip Effiong 1925 - 2003 Military officer and Biafran leader
Munawar Sultana Munawar Sultana 1924 - 2007 Film playback singer
Rogelio Gonzalez Rogelio Gonzalez 1920 - 1984 Film director, screenwriter, and actor
Djedefre Djedefre -2575 - -2465 King of the 4th Dynasty
Simon Rutar Simon Rutar 1851 - 1903 Historian and geographer
Ahmed Rushdi Ahmed Rushdi 1934 - 1983 Folk singer and musician
Shahida Qazi Shahida Qazi 1944 - 2023 Journalist, academic, and script-writer
Henryk Grohman Henryk Grohman 1862 - 1939 Textile manufacturer
Son Byong-hi Son Byong-hi 1861 - 1922 Third leader of Donghak (Eastern learning)
Sabiha al Shaykh Da ud Sabiha al Shaykh Da ud 1912 - 1975 Poet and activist for Kurdish language and culture
Zaki al-Arsuzi Zaki al-Arsuzi 1899 - 1968 Co-founder of Ba'athism
Freshta Kohistani Freshta Kohistani 1991 - 2020 Activist
Chandra Mohan Chandra Mohan 1906 - 1949 Acting in Hindi films as a villain
Gregory V of Constantinople Gregory V of Constantinople 1746 - 1821 Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
Nobusuke Kishi Nobusuke Kishi 1896 - 1987 Prime minister of Japan
Manuel de Abreu Manuel de Abreu 1894 - 1962 Physician and scientist
Jacob Christie Kielland Jacob Christie Kielland 1897 - 1972 director of Norwegian Housing Directorate
Roberto Landell de Moura Roberto Landell de Moura 1861 - 1928 wireless communication and radio broadcasting
Shantaram Rajaram Vankudre Shantaram Rajaram Vankudre 1901 - 1990 Film director, producer, actor, and screenwriter
Djuanda Kartawidjaja Djuanda Kartawidjaja 1911 - 1963 Prime Minister of Indonesia
Riyad Al-Saleh Al-Hussein Riyad Al-Saleh Al-Hussein 1952 - 1982 Modern Arabic poetry
Ales Debeljak Ales Debeljak 1961 - 2016 Cultural critic
Alexander Goldenweiser Alexander Goldenweiser 1880 - 1940 Anthropologist
Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao 1923 - 1996 Actor, director, producer, chief minister
Benito Juarez Benito Juarez 1806 - 1872 liberal lawyer
Vasja Pirc Vasja Pirc 1907 - 1980 Chess Grandmaster
Lin Sen Lin Sen 1868 - 1943 Chairman of the National Government
Ramlan Hutahaean Ramlan Hutahaean 1955 - 2021 General Secretary of HKBP
Kuroda Seiki Kuroda Seiki 1866 - 1924 Western-style painter
Carlos Enrique Taboada Carlos Enrique Taboada 1929 - 1997 Horror and suspense films
Mohammad Hashem Zamani Mohammad Hashem Zamani 1928 - 2005 Politician, Poet
Arthur Nayyar Arthur Nayyar 1950 - 2016 Playback singer, ghazal singer
Chartchai Chionoi Chartchai Chionoi 1942 - 2018 Professional Boxer
Christian August Lorentzen Christian August Lorentzen 1749 - 1828 Painter and professor
Majid Kalakani Majid Kalakani 1939 - 1980 Revolutionary Leader
Maria Blanchard Maria Blanchard 1881 - 1932 Painter and pioneer of Cubism
Aziz Herawi Aziz Herawi 1952 - 2011 Musician
Tish Daija Tish Daija 1926 - 2003 Composer of the first Albanian ballet
Federico Cantu Garza Federico Cantu Garza 1907 - 1989 Painter, engraver and sculptor
Georgy Pyatakov Georgy Pyatakov 1890 - 1937 Bolshevik leader and Soviet administrator
Ather Shah Khan Jaidi Ather Shah Khan Jaidi 1943 - 2020 Comedian, writer and poet
Aleksei Brusilov Aleksei Brusilov 1853 - 1926 Military leader in the First World War
Solhi al Wadi Solhi al Wadi 1934 - 2007 Qanun player and director of Radio Orchestra
Stefania Wilczynska Stefania Wilczynska 1886 - 1942 Director of Jewish orphanage
Arsinoe II Arsinoe II -316 - -270 Queen of Thrace, Anatolia, Macedonia, and Egypt
Faten Hamama Faten Hamama 1931 - 2015 Actress, producer, screenwriter
Jeong Seon Jeong Seon 1676 - 1759 Landscape painter
Augusto Perez Aranibar Augusto Perez Aranibar 1858 - 1948 Physician
Cluny MacPherson Cluny MacPherson 1879 - 1966 Gas mask
Truong Chinh Truong Chinh 1907 - 1988 Political leader
Ptolemy II Philadelphus Ptolemy II Philadelphus 308 - 246 King of Egypt, patron of arts and sciences
James David Graham Niven James David Graham Niven 1910 - 1983 Actor and founder of the Rat Pack
Le Van Mien Le Van Mien 1874 - 1943 painter
Wichit Srisa-an Wichit Srisa-an 1934 - 2023 Education Minister
Maria Poiret Maria Poiret 1863 - 1933 Soviet film star and singer
Niels Henrik Abel Niels Henrik Abel 1802 - 1829 Mathematics
Nikolay Arutyunov Nikolay Arutyunov 1958 - 2021 Blues and rock vocalist
Zumbi dos Palmares Zumbi dos Palmares 1655 - 1695 Leader of Quilombo dos Palmares
Alhaji Salihu Tanko Alhaji Salihu Tanko 1930 - 2021 Emir of Kagara
Wassily Kandinsky Wassily Kandinsky 1866 - 1944 Painter of abstract art
Wonhyo Wonhyo 617 - 686 Buddhist scholar and commentator
Yusaku Matsuda Yusaku Matsuda 1949 - 1989 Action film star and television detective
Antonio Inoki Antonio Inoki 1943 - 2022 Professional wrestler and mixed martial artist
Pietro Kobke Krohn Pietro Kobke Krohn 1840 - 1905 Portrait painter
Isao Takahata Isao Takahata 1935 - 2018 Animator, director and producer of Japanese
Riaz Khokhar Riaz Khokhar 1942 - 2023 Foreign secretary and ambassador
Francoise Frenkel Francoise Frenkel 1889 - 1975 Writer and bookseller
Enver Pasha Enver Pasha 1881 - 1922 Ottoman general and war minister
Jamil Sidqi al Zahawi Jamil Sidqi al Zahawi 1863 - 1936 Poet, philosopher, professor, critic
Enebeli Elebuwa Enebeli Elebuwa 1947 - 2012 Actor
Peter Egge Peter Egge 1869 - 1959 Author and playwright
Malik Ishaq Malik Ishaq 1959 - 2015 Senior commander of the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan
Leon Petrazycki Leon Petrazycki 1867 - 1931 Legal scholar
Ioan lon Cantacuzino Ioan lon Cantacuzino 1863 - 1934 Physician and Bacteriologist
Jorgjia Filce Truja Jorgjia Filce Truja 1907 - 1994 Singer and soprano
Dada Kondke Dada Kondke 1932 - 1998 Comedy films
Robert Carrickford Robert Carrickford 1928 - 2016 Actor
Ignacy Lukasiewicz Ignacy Lukasiewicz 1822 - 1882 Inventor of the kerosene lamp
Creat A Memorial Profile

Top 10 Died Influential People

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  • 1. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

    Died: 1948 A.D
    Slogan: Be the change that you wish to see in the world.

    Bapu, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was one of the most influential figures in the history of India and the world. He was born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar, a coastal town in Gujarat. His father was the chief minister of Porbandar state and his mother was a devout Hindu. He was married to Kasturba Gandhi at the age of 13 and had four sons with her. Bapu studied law in London and became a barrister in 1891. He then moved to South Africa to work as a lawyer for the Indian community there. He faced racial discrimination and injustice in South Africa and began to protest against them using nonviolent methods. He founded the Natal Indian Congress and led campaigns for civil rights and political representation for Indians. He also developed his concept of Satyagraha, or truth force, which was based on non-cooperation, civil disobedience, and peaceful resistance. Bapu returned to India in 1915 and joined the Indian National Congress, a political party that sought to end British colonial rule in India. He became the leader of the Congress in 1921 and launched several mass movements to challenge the British authority. Some of his famous campaigns were the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922), the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934), and the Quit India Movement (1942-1945). He also led the historic Dandi Salt March in 1930, where he and thousands of his followers defied the British salt tax by making their own salt from seawater. Bapu was not only a political leader but also a social reformer and a spiritual guide. He advocated for the upliftment of the poor, the oppressed, and the untouchables. He promoted swadeshi or self-reliance by encouraging Indians to spin their own cloth from khadi or hand-spun cotton. He also preached ahimsa or non-violence as a way of life and a means of achieving harmony among different religions and communities. Bapu played a crucial role in securing India's independence from British rule in 1947. However, he was deeply saddened by the partition of India and Pakistan along religious lines and the violence that followed. He tried to stop the communal riots and appealed for peace and brotherhood. He was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist who blamed him for appeasing Muslims. Bapu's last words were Hey Ram or Oh God. Bapu is widely regarded as the Father of the Nation in India and is revered as a symbol of peace, truth, and non-violence across the world. His birthday, 2 October, is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti in India and as the International Day of Non-Violence by the United Nations. His life and teachings have inspired many leaders and movements for freedom, justice, and human rights around the globe.

    Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Profile

  • 2. France Preseren

    Died: 1849 A.D
    Slogan: Love and wine I do not scorn, nor sweet company of the fair; but freedom's all I wish to share.

    France Prešeren was a 19th-century Romantic Slovene poet, considered the greatest Slovene classical poet and has inspired later Slovene literature. He wrote the first Slovene ballad and the first Slovene epic. After his death, he became the leading name of the Slovene literary canon.

    France Preseren Profile

  • 3. Robert Gordon Menzies

    Died: 1978 A.D
    Slogan: It is better to be defeated on principle than to win on lies.

    Robert Menzies was a prominent Australian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th prime minister of Australia for a total of over 18 years, making him the longest-serving prime minister in Australian history. He held office twice, first from 1939 to 1941 and then from 1949 to 1966. He was also the leader of the United Australia Party (UAP) in his first term and the founder and leader of the Liberal Party of Australia in his second term. Menzies was born in Jeparit, Victoria, on 20 December 1894. He was the fourth of five children of James Menzies, a storekeeper and politician, and Kate Sampson, a miner's daughter. He attended various schools in Ballarat and Melbourne before graduating with first-class honours in law from the University of Melbourne in 1916. He became a barrister in 1918 and quickly established himself as one of the leading lawyers in Victoria. He was appointed a King's Counsel in 1929, the youngest in Victoria at the time. Menzies entered politics in 1928 as a member of the Nationalist Party, which later became the UAP. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council and then to the Legislative Assembly, serving as Attorney-General and Minister for Railways. In 1934, he resigned from state politics and won the federal seat of Kooyong as a UAP candidate. He became Attorney-General and Minister for Industry in Joseph Lyons' government and was also deputy leader of the UAP from 1935. He resigned from cabinet in 1939 over a dispute about national insurance. Menzies became prime minister in April 1939 after Lyons died in office and Earle Page served as caretaker for 18 days. He led Australia into World War II and spent four months in England in 1941 to participate in Winston Churchill's war cabinet. However, he faced opposition from his coalition partner, the Country Party, and from some members of his own party. He lost the confidence of his party and resigned as prime minister in August 1941. He was succeeded by Arthur Fadden, who lasted only 40 days before being replaced by John Curtin of the Labor Party. Menzies remained as leader of the UAP until 1943, when he lost his seat at the federal election. He then helped to create a new conservative party, the Liberal Party of Australia, which he became the inaugural leader of in August 1945. He led the opposition against Curtin's successor, Ben Chifley, until he won the federal election in December 1949. He formed a coalition government with the Country Party and returned as prime minister. Menzies' second term as prime minister lasted for over 16 years, during which he won seven consecutive elections. He presided over a period of economic growth, social stability, immigration expansion, higher education development, national security policies, and international alliances. He strengthened Australia's ties with Britain and the United States, supported the creation of NATO and SEATO, signed the ANZUS Treaty and the Colombo Plan, sent troops to Korea, Malaya, and Vietnam, recognised Israel and Japan as sovereign states, opposed communism and apartheid, promoted British Commonwealth cooperation, and supported constitutional reform. Menzies retired as prime minister in January 1966 at the age of 71. He was succeeded by Harold Holt, who drowned a year later. Menzies remained active in public life until his death in May 1978. He wrote several books, gave lectures, served as chancellor of the University of Melbourne, and was involved in various cultural and educational organisations. He was knighted in 1963 and received many honours and awards, both in Australia and abroad. He was widely regarded as one of the most influential and respected figures in Australian history. Menzies was married to Pattie Maie Leckie, a journalist and political activist, from 1920 until her death in 1978. They had three children: Kenneth, Ian, and Heather. Menzies was a devout Presbyterian and a keen sportsman. He enjoyed cricket, golf, tennis, chess, and bridge. He was also fond of literature, music, art, and history. He had a distinctive voice and a sharp wit, which he used to great effect in his speeches and debates. He was known for his loyalty to his friends and his principles, as well as his ambition and determination. He was nicknamed "Ming" by his supporters and "Pig Iron Bob" by his critics.

    Robert Gordon Menzies Profile

  • 4. Emperor Pedro II

    Died: 1891 A.D
    Slogan: May God grant me these last wishes – peace and prosperity for Brazil.

    Pedro II was the second and last emperor of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina. His father's abrupt abdication and departure to Europe in 1831 left the five-year-old as emperor and led to a grim and lonely childhood and adolescence, obliged to spend his time studying in preparation for rule. His experiences with court intrigues and political disputes during this period greatly affected his later character; he grew into a man with a strong sense of duty and devotion toward his country and his people, yet increasingly resentful of his role as monarch. Pedro II inherited an empire on the verge of disintegration, but he turned Brazil into an emerging power in the international arena. The nation grew to be distinguished from its Hispanic neighbors on account of its political stability, zealously guarded freedom of speech, respect for civil rights, vibrant economic growth, and form of government—a functional representative parliamentary monarchy. Brazil was also victorious in the Platine War, the Uruguayan War, and the Paraguayan War, as well as prevailing in several other international disputes and domestic tensions. Pedro II steadfastly pushed through the abolition of slavery despite opposition from powerful political and economic interests. A savant in his own right, the Emperor established a reputation as a vigorous sponsor of learning, culture, and the sciences, and he won the respect and admiration of people such as Charles Darwin, Victor Hugo, and Friedrich Nietzsche, and was a friend to Richard Wagner, Louis Pasteur, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, among others. He was married to Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, with whom he had four children, two of whom died in infancy. He was a devoted father and husband, and a cultured and well-read man. He was also a lover of nature and photography, and a patron of the arts and sciences. He was deposed by a military coup in 1889, which proclaimed Brazil a republic. He accepted the end of the monarchy without resistance and went into exile in Europe with his family. He died in Paris in 1891, at the age of 66, and his remains were later returned to Brazil with honors. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest Brazilian leaders and a champion of democracy, freedom, and progress.

    Emperor Pedro II Profile

  • 5. Abraham Lincoln

    Died: 1865 A.D
    Slogan:

    Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, who led the nation through the Civil War and abolished slavery. He was born in a log cabin in Kentucky in 1809, and grew up in poverty on the frontier. He taught himself to read and write, and became a lawyer and a politician. He joined the new Republican Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery, and became famous for his debates with Stephen A. Douglas in 1858. He ran for president in 1860, and won with a majority of electoral votes, but not popular votes. His election triggered the secession of several Southern states, who formed the Confederate States of America. Lincoln refused to recognize their independence, and declared war to preserve the Union. Lincoln faced many challenges and difficulties during the war, both on the battlefield and on the home front. He had to deal with divided public opinion, political rivals, incompetent generals, and personal tragedies. He also had to balance his own moral convictions with the practical realities of war. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, which declared that all enslaved people in the rebel states were free. He also supported the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the entire country. He delivered some of the most memorable speeches in American history, such as the Gettysburg Address and the Second Inaugural Address, which expressed his vision of democracy, equality, and reconciliation. Lincoln was widely admired for his leadership, courage, honesty, and compassion. He was also hated by many who opposed his policies and views. On April 14, 1865, just five days after the Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House, he was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer, at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. He died the next morning, becoming the first American president to be killed in office. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest presidents in American history, and his legacy continues to inspire millions of people around the world.

    Abraham Lincoln Profile

  • 6. Vo Nguyen Giap

    Died: 2013 A.D
    Slogan: The people's army, the people's war.

    Võ Nguyên Giáp was a Vietnamese general and revolutionary leader who played a crucial role in the Viet Minh's victory over the French at Dien Bien Phu, which marked the end of French colonialism in Southeast Asia. He was also instrumental in the North Vietnamese victory over South Vietnam and the United States. Giáp was known for his strategic military tactics and his ability to inspire his troops. Despite facing personal tragedies, including the loss of his wife and sister-in-law to the French Sûreté, he remained committed to the cause of Vietnamese independence.

    Vo Nguyen Giap Profile

  • 7. Guangzong

    Died: 1200 A.D
    Slogan: To inherit the auspiciousness

    Guangzong was the 12th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the third emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He was the third son of his predecessor, Emperor Xiaozong. His mother was Emperor Xiaozong's first wife, Lady Guo, who was posthumously honoured as "Empress Chengmu". His reign was relatively peaceful, but his lack of filial piety eventually made officials replace him with his son Emperor Ningzong. Guangzong suffered from bipolar disorder or severe neurosis since his childhood, but he was reportedly filial to his father. He was crowned as the heir apparent in 1168 and succeeded his father in 1189. He named his reign "Shaoxi", meaning "to inherit the auspiciousness". He also renamed the city of Chongqing, meaning "double celebration", to commemorate his coronation and his father's abdication. Guangzong was influenced by his wife Empress Li Fengniang, who became notorious in Chinese history for being ruthless and shrewd, and for ruling the state through her husband, who became known as a "henpecked weakling" dominated by his wife. Guangzong neglected his duties and indulged in drinking and pleasure. He also listened to some treacherous officials and dismissed the popular military leader Xin Qiji. He alienated his father and even refused to perform state funeral rites when the retired emperor died, which shocked the court. In 1194, Guangzong fell ill and became mentally unstable. He was unable to handle state affairs and was controlled by Empress Li and her brother Li Sheng. The court officials were dissatisfied with the situation and plotted to depose Guangzong. In 1195, they forced Guangzong to abdicate in favor of his eldest son Zhao Kuo, who became Emperor Ningzong. Guangzong was given the title of "Retired Emperor" and lived in seclusion until his death in 1200. He was buried in Yongchong Mausoleum in present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang.

    Guangzong Profile

  • 8. Pyotr Bagration

    Died: 1812 A.D
    Slogan: The Russian Army always has been success.

    Pyotr Bagration was a Russian general and prince of Georgian origin, prominent during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Bagration, a member of the Bagrationi dynasty, was born in Kizlyar. His father, Ivan (Ivane), served as an officer in the Imperial Russian Army, in which Bagration also enlisted in 1782. Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration began his military career serving in the Russo-Circassian War of 1763–1864 for a couple of years. Afterwards he participated in a war against the Ottomans and the capture of Ochakov in 1788. Later he helped suppress the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794 in Poland and capture Warsaw. During Russia's Italian and Swiss campaigns of 1799 against the French, he served with distinction under Field Marshal Alexander Suvorov. In 1805 Russia joined the coalition against Napoleon. After the collapse of the Austrians at Ulm in October 1805, Bagration won praise for his successful defense in the Battle of Schöngrabern (November 1805) that allowed Russian forces to withdraw and unite with the main Russian army of Mikhail Kutuzov. In December 1805 the combined Russo-Austrian army suffered defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz, where Bagration commanded the allied right wing against the French under Jean Lannes. He subsequently participated in a series of unsuccessful battles: Austerlitz (Dec. 2, 1805), Eylau (Feb. 7–8, 1807), Heilsburg (June 10, 1807), and Friedland (June 14, 1807); but, after Russia formed an alliance with France (Treaty of Tilsit; July 7, 1807) and engaged in a war against Sweden, Bagration marched across the frozen Gulf of Finland and captured the strategic Åland Islands (1808). He was then transferred to the south (1809) and placed in command of a force fighting the Turks in Bulgaria (Russo-Turkish War of 1806–12). When Russia and France renewed their hostilities (1812), he was given command of the 2nd Russian Army in the West. Although his troops were defeated by the French at Mogilyov and separated from the main Russian army in July, he saved them from destruction and rejoined the main force in August. On Sept. 7, 1812, at the Battle of Borodino, near Moscow, Bagration commanded the left wing of the Russian forces and was fatally wounded. A monument was erected in his honour by Emperor Nicholas I on the battlefield of Borodino.

    Pyotr Bagration Profile

  • 9. Ahmadu Bello

    Died: 1966 A.D
    Slogan: Work and worship

    Ahmadu Bello was a conservative Nigerian statesman who masterminded Northern Nigeria through the independence of Nigeria in 1960 and served as its first and only premier from 1954 until his assassination in 1966. He was also the leader of the Northern People's Congress, the ruling party at the time consisting of the Hausa–Fulani elite. He had previously been elected into the regional legislature and later became a government minister. A member of the Sokoto Caliphate dynasty, he made attempts at becoming Sultan of Sokoto before later joining politics. He was a descendant of Uthman dan Fodio, the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, and a grandson of Sultan Atiku na Raba. He received Islamic education at home, where he learnt the Qur'an, Islamic jurisprudence and the traditions of Muhammad. He later attended Sokoto Provincial School and the Katsina Training College (now Barewa College). During his school days, he was known as Ahmadu Rabah. He finished school in 1931 and subsequently became the English teacher in Sokoto Middle School. In 1934, Bello was made the District Head of Rabah by Sultan Hassan dan Mu'azu, succeeding his brother. In 1938, he was promoted to the position of Divisional Head of Gusau and became a member of the Sultan's council. In 1938, at the age of just 28, he made attempts to become the Sultan of Sokoto but was not successful, losing to Sir Siddiq Abubakar III who reigned for 50 years until his death in 1988. The new Sultan immediately made Sir Ahmadu Bello the Sardauna (Crown Prince) of Sokoto, a chieftaincy title, and promoted him to the Sokoto Native Authority Council. These titles automatically made him the Chief Political Adviser to the Sultan. Later, he was put in charge of the Sokoto Province to oversee 47 districts and by 1944, he was back at the Sultan's Palace to work as the Chief Secretary of the State Native Administration. He entered politics in 1949 as a member of the Northern House of Assembly and a representative of the Sokoto Native Authority. In 1951, he was elected to the House of Representatives in Lagos as a member of the Northern People's Congress (NPC), a party that he helped to form. He became the first Premier of Northern Nigeria in 1954. He was a strong advocate of the modernization and unity of Northern Nigeria, and he opposed the secessionist agenda of some southern politicians. He worked to improve the education, health, agriculture, and infrastructure of the region. He also supported the establishment of the Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, the second largest university in Africa. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1959. He was assassinated on 15 January 1966 in a military coup led by Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu, an Igbo officer. He died alongside his wife, Hafsatu, and his aide, Ahmed Ben Musa. He was buried in Sokoto, and his tomb is a national monument. He is widely revered in Northern Nigeria as a visionary leader and a symbol of the region's identity and history.

    Ahmadu Bello Profile

  • 10. Albert Einstein

    Died: 1955 A.D
    Slogan: The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible.

    Albert Einstein was one of the most influential and renowned physicists of the 20th century. He was born in Ulm, Germany, on March 14, 1879, to a Jewish family. He showed an early interest in mathematics and physics, but had difficulty with the rigid schooling system. He moved to Switzerland in 1895 and enrolled in the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich, where he met his first wife, Mileva Marić, a fellow physics student. He graduated in 1900 with a diploma in physics, but had trouble finding an academic position. He worked as a patent clerk in Bern from 1902 to 1909, while pursuing his own research in his spare time. In 1905, he published four groundbreaking papers on the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, special relativity, and mass-energy equivalence, which earned him the reputation of a scientific genius. He received his PhD from the University of Zurich in 1905, and became a lecturer at the University of Bern in 1908. He moved to Prague in 1911 as a full professor, and then returned to Zurich in 1912 as a professor of theoretical physics. In 1914, he accepted a prestigious position at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, where he worked until 1933. He also became a German citizen in 1914, but renounced it in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came to power. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect, and his contributions to theoretical physics. He developed the general theory of relativity, a more comprehensive theory of gravity, between 1907 and 1915, which was confirmed by the observation of the bending of light by the Sun during a solar eclipse in 1919. He also made significant contributions to quantum mechanics, cosmology, statistical mechanics, and the unified field theory. He was a pacifist and a humanitarian, who advocated for social justice, civil rights, and nuclear disarmament. He was a supporter of the Zionist movement, and was offered the presidency of Israel in 1952, which he politely declined. He moved to the United States in 1933, where he joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He became an American citizen in 1940, and remained at Princeton until his death. He was involved in the Manhattan Project, which developed the atomic bomb, but later regretted his role and warned of the dangers of nuclear weapons. He died of an abdominal aortic aneurysm on April 18, 1955, at the age of 76, in Princeton Hospital. He left behind a legacy of scientific discoveries and insights that have shaped our understanding of the universe and inspired generations of scientists and thinkers.

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